【英文标准名称】:StandardPracticeforPreparationofNatural-MatrixSedimentReferenceSamplesforMajorandTraceInorganicConstituentsAnalysisbyPartialExtractionProcedures
【原文标准名称】:用部分萃取法大量和微量无机成分分析的天然杂矿石沉淀物标样的制备的标准实施规程
【标准号】:ASTMD5074-1990(2008)
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:1990
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:D19.07
【标准类型】:(Practice)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:Aquaticnatural-matrixbed-sedimentreferencesamples;Collaborativetesting;Inorganicchemicalanalysis--water;Inorganiccompounds--water;Natural-matrixbed-sedimentreferencesamples;Partialextractionprocedures;Referencesamples/specimens;Sampli
【摘要】:Theobjectiveofthispracticeistoprovideguidelinesforthepreparationofstable,representative,oxidized,relativelyunpolluted,aquaticnatural-matrixbed-sedimentreferencetestsamples.Whenpreparedasdescribed,suchtestsamplesshouldbeusefulforcollaborativemethodstesting,toevaluatetheprecisionandbiasoftestmethods,andtoevaluatetestmethodsperformanceduringtheirdevelopment.Theavailabilityofdefinedrepresentativenatural-matrixreferenceortestsamples,closelyapproximatingavarietyoftypicalenvironmentalsamples,isakeyrequirementfortheeffectivecollaborativemethodsevaluationanddevelopmentoftestmethods,andqualityassurancetesting.Whenthecompositionofthereferenceortestsampleshasbeendetermined,eitherforoperationallydefinedx201C;totalrecoverablex201D;leachingtechniques,orforx201C;totalanalysisx201D;determinedbytotaldissolution,thedefinedsamplesshouldalsobesuitableforanalyticalqualityassurancetesting.Certifiedanalysesofmostrock,sediment,sludge,andsoilreferencesamplesaretypicallybasedonthetotalamountofeachconstituentofinterestintheentiresample.x201C;Totalx201D;chemicalanalysisofthesesamplesgenerallyrequirescompletedecompositionordissolutionofthestandardmaterial.Thesearetheonlyfeasibleanalyticalapproachesifknowledgeoffiniteconcentrationsforeachelementofinterestintheentiresampleisrequired.Certaininstrumentalmethods,suchasX-rayfluorescenceorneutronactivationanalysis,mayprovideinformationastothetotalconstituentcompositionwithoutsampledestruction.Partialchemicalextractionofsediments,orx201C;totalrecoverablex201D;analyses(operationallydefinedprocedures)forselectingconstituents,frequentlyareusefulfordefiningx201C;availablex201D;constituentconcentrations.Inaddition,partialchemicalextractionsmayalsoprovidedataonpartitioning,phaseassociations,oronhowtraceelementsareentrained.Operationallydefinedextractabletraceconstituentconcentrationsaregenerallybestobtainedbyusingveryspecificreagentmixturesandextractionprocedures,includingmethodofmixing,vesselsizeandshape,extractiontime,temperature,andsoforth.Thevariousironandmanganeseoxidesandhydroxides,clayminerals,andorganicsolutesandparticulates,thatcommonlyoccurascoatingsonmostoxidizedsedimentparticles,aregenerallyrecognizedasthecontrolsgoverningtheconcentrationsanddistributionofmosttracemetalsinnaturalwater-sedimenthydrologicenvironments.Anthropogenicsourcesclearlydominateinthenumberofsourcesandintotalloadingtomostsystems,althoughotherfactorsmayalsobeimportant.Underreducingconditionstheironandmanganeseoxidecoatings,organiccomponents,andassociatedtracemetalsmayberesolubilizedandremobilized.Migrationofthereducedsolubilizedspecies,withpossiblesubsequentformationofsulfidesandsoforth,andreoxidationandredepositionatsomenewlocation,maythenoccur.Analysisofextractabletraceconstituentconcentrationsinleachatesobtainedfromreducedsedimentsthuswillprobablynotbeindicativeofthetraceconstituentconcentrationsinitiallyassociatedwiththeoxidizedandcoatedsedimentgrains.1.1Thispracticecoversuniformprocedurestodevelop,select,collect,prepare,anduseoxidized,relativelyunpolluted,aquaticnatural-matrixbed-sedimentreferencesamplesforthecollaborativetestingofc......
【中国标准分类号】:D04
【国际标准分类号】:
【页数】:4P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语


【英文标准名称】:Thermalbridgesinbuildingconstruction-Heatflowandsurfacetemperatures-Part1:Generalcalculationmethods
【原文标准名称】:建筑结构热桥热流和表面温度第1部分:一般计算方法
【标准号】:ISO10211-1-1995
【标准状态】:作废
【国别】:国际
【发布日期】:1995-08
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:国际标准化组织(ISO)
【起草单位】:ISO/TC163
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:热桥;热流;表面温度;计算方法;模型;热防护;热传递;建筑;设计;建筑物;热损失;定义;数学计算
【英文主题词】:Buildings;Construction;Definition;Definitions;Design;Heatflow;Heatloss;Heattransmission;Mathematicalcalculations;Methodsofcalculation;Models;Surfacetemperatures;Thermalbridges;Thermalprotection
【摘要】:Setsoutspecificationsona3-Dgeometricalmodelofathermalbridgeforthenumericalcalculationofheatflowsinordertoassessheatlossfromabuildingandcalculationofminimumsurfacetemperaturesinordertoassesstheriskofsurfacecondensation.
【中国标准分类号】:P31
【国际标准分类号】:91_120_10
【页数】:54P;A4
【正文语种】:英语